话说，现在接近春节了，又到了一年工作请假的高峰期了。
今天，我们就顺便来看下，英文中“请假”的各种说法，以及一些周边小常识。
说到假期的英文，很多人第一反应是 holiday，但其实，英文中，假期的说法有好几个，而且内涵差很多。今天一起来学习下吧。
holiday, vacation, days off, leave 比较
·holiday： 是指因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设立的法定“假日"。
Christmas holiday is the biggest holiday in many Western countries.
在很多西方国家，圣诞节是最重要的假期。
· vacation： 一般指大学的假期
summer vacation暑假
winter vacation寒假
· days off：纯粹指不用上班，休息的日子，例如周末。
· leave：通常必须是自己申请的休假
· break：指短暂的休息，比如课堂休息、开会休息
下面来看看，在职场上，假期的种类。
各种假期说法
annual leave
年假
maternity leave
产假
Paternity leave
陪产假
sick leave
病假
personal leave
事假
marriage leave
婚假
funeral leave
丧假
menstruation leave
生理假
leave for religious holidays
宗教假
在正规的公司上班，员工请假的事由大概就是以上这些了。
annual leave 视公司和个人在职年限而定，一般在5-20天不等。
maternity leave 一般是98天，产前可以休假15天；难产的，增加产假15天；生育多胞胎，每多生育1个婴儿，增加产假15天。
paternity leave，也就是男人请的陪产假，全国各地都不同，一般在7-30天之间。
marriage leave，各地区差别也很大，一般在10-30天
funeral leave 一般为1-3天
menstruation leave ：姨妈假，非强制性假期，一般0.5--1天
除了这些假期，还有--
轮休
rotate days off
调休
leave/ time off in lieu
* in lieu 是代替的意思，leave in lieu 就是替换的休假，也就是调休了。
那么，说到请假，该用什么短语和句式表达呢？
请假
ask for leave
准假
grant leave
超假
overstay one’s leave
告假
on leave
带薪休假
paid leave
批假
approve one's leave
休假
have a holiday
延长假期
extend one's leave
申请休假
submit a request to take the leave
休假中
on holiday/on one’s holiday/ take holiday
再来看看，英文中请假，有哪些句式呢？
常用句式
He has a day off today.
他今天请假一天。
She had two weeks off because she was ill.
因为生病了，她请假两周。
Can I have 3 hours off today in lieu of the 3 hours of overtime I worked last night?
昨天晚上我加班了3个小时，今天我能调休3小时吗？
Do I get time off in lieu if I work overtime on the holiday?
如果假期我加班，我能获得调休吗？
下面我们来看看，如何表达休假理由。
病假理由
I don’t feel well./ I am feeling sick./ I am unwell./ I am not doing too well.
我不太舒服。
I have been feeling very run down lately.
最近我有点虚弱。
I think I've caught a bug.
我觉得我是感冒了。
I have a bad headache.
我头疼。
I have a sore arm.
我胳膊疼。
那么，请假了，一般都要做好交接工作。
这种表达如何说呢？
工作交接
1. fill in for someone
fill in 是填空的意思，fill in for sb 就是为别人顶板，暂时代替别人
We'll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he's ill.
费朗西斯病了，我们得找个什么人今晚顶替他。
2. cover for somebody 代替某人
Can you cover for me on Friday because I am gonna visit my aunt that day.
星期五能不能请你替我个班，那天我要去看阿姨。
最后，给大家看两组请假条的书写方式，
大家下次可以参考用起来。
Dear Mr./Ms. XXX，
This letter is a formal request for a leave of absence, to follow up on our meeting yesterday. As we discussed, I would like to request a leave of absence from April 1 through June 30, 20XX.
I will return to work on July 1, 20XX.
Please let me know if I can provide further information or if you have any questions.
Thank you very much for your consideration in providing me with this opportunity for personal leave.
Sincerely,
Peter Smith
Dear Jennifer,
As we discussed yesterday, I would like to request a formal leave of absence from my job. I plan to be away from July 1, 20XX - December 31, 20XX, returning to work on January 1, 20XX.
If approved, I would be glad to help with a plan to cover my workload in my absence. I would also be available to answer questions and provide assistance while I am away.
Please let me know if you need any additional information. Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.
Best,
John White
